Identifying and presenting the model of Effective factors the training of entrepreneurial teachers in Iran (a mixed study)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD candidate Entrepreneurship, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

2 Associated Professor, Department of Educational Management, Shahid Chamran Campus, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Management, Shahid Chamran Campus, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Associated Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to identify and present the model of effective factors the training of entrepreneurial teachers in Iran.
Research methodology: The implementation method of this mixed project is exploratory, which qualitatively and quantitatively investigates and identifies the effective dimensions and components of entrepreneurial teacher training in Iran. The statistical sample of the qualitative part of the research was 20 managers, professors, and experts in teacher training, educational sciences, and entrepreneurship, from whom semi-structured interview data was collected and continued until theoretical saturation was reached; A small part of 149 people were managers and professors of teacher training and entrepreneurship in universities who were selected by random cluster method to collect information related to the research questionnaire. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the codes obtained from the interview. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability of all research variables were above 0.7, which indicated the reliability of the questionnaire. To analyze the data of this research in the qualitative part by coding (open, axial and selective coding) MAXQDA software was used and in the quantitative part by structural equations smart pls software was used.
Findings: The findings of the research showed that the dimensions and components of the factors affecting the training of the entrepreneur teacher included the curriculum, the competence of the teachers and the input competence. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.7, composite reliability was 0.7, and AVE was 0.5, so reliability and convergent validity were confirmed. Divergent validity was also confirmed based on the method of Fornell and Larcker and the HTMT criterion. The T values were greater than 1.96, so the research hypotheses were confirmed at the confidence level of 0.95. R2 and Q2 measures were obtained for moderate and strong dependent variables, and F2 measure was obtained for strong dependent variables. The value of 0.711 for GOF also indicated the appropriate fit of the model.
Conclusion: By implementing the obtained model, education practitioners can combine management and leadership, rules and regulations, curricula and their delivery methods, human resources of the education system, interaction with industry and services.
 

Keywords


Aghajani, H., Samadi Miarkalaie, H., & Samadi Miarkalaie, H. (2013). Verification and investigation of Entrepreneurial curriculum;s effectiveness of quick-return plans on mazandarani Entrepreneur women. Women &b society, 4(15), 1-28.

Agim, N. C. (2020). Imperatives of entrepreneurship education amongst library and information science undergraduate in Nigeria: The case study of LIS Undergraduates in South-East and South-South Geopolitical Zones of Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 3907.

Ahmadi, A., MohammadKazemi, R., & Mohammadi Elyasi, Gh. (2016). Identifying the methods of entrepreneurship education in the field of emotional learning with the approach of "education through healthy entertainment. Entrepreneurship Development, 10(2), 201-220. (In Persian)

Ahmadpour Dariani, M., & Moghimi, S. M. (2008). The basics of entrepreneurship. Tehran: Farandish Publications. (In Persian)

Akpan, M.E., & Umoh, S.W. (2018). Assessment implementation of entrepreneurship curriculum in secondary schools in uyo ibom state. Journal of teacher perspective, 13(1), 161-168.

Andryukhina, L. M., Dneprov, S., Sumina, T. G., Zimina, E. Y., Utkina, S. N., & Mantulenko, V. V. (2016). International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(14), 7016-7034.

Aslami, M., Esmaeili, Z., Saeidipour, B., & Sarmadi, M. (2018). Explaining the professional competencies of lecturers in the electronic learning environment, Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 11(2), 15-24.

Baggen, Y., Lans, T., & Gulikers, J. (2021). Making Entrepreneurship Education Available to All: Design Principles for Educational Programs Stimulating an Entrepreneurial Mindset. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 5(3), 2515127420988517.

Balmaceda, F. (2018). Entrepreneurship: skills and Financing. Small business Economics, 50(4), 871-886.

Bashokooh Ajirloo, M., Heydari Anari A., & Moradi, M. (2015). Investigating organizational factors affecting the idea of entrepreneurship among secondary school teachers in Ardabil city. Journal of school psychology, 4(1), 38-51. (In Persian)

Bazargan, A. (2010). An introduction to qualitative and mixed research methods: common approaches in behavioral sciences. Dedar Publications, fifth edition. (In Persian)

Bischoff, K., Volkmann, C. K., & Audretsch, D. B. (2018). Stakeholder collaboration in entrepreneurship education: An analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystems of European higher educational institutions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 43 (1), 20-46.

Brüne, N., & Lutz, E. (2020). The effect of entrepreneurship education in schools on entrepreneurial outcomes: a systematic review. Management Review Quarterly, 70 (2), 275-305.

Bygrave, W. (1997). The Portable MBA in Entrepreneurship. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Delavare, A. (2017). Research method in psychology and educational sciences. Tehran: Ravan. (In Persian)

Drakopoulou Dodd, S., & Hynes, B. (2012). The Impact of Regional Educational Contexts upon Enterprise Education. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24 (9-10), 733-740.

Eilks, I., & Hofstein, A. (2017). Curriculum development in science education. In Science Education (pp. 167-181). Germany: Brill Sense.

Fang, F., & Luo, X. E. (2020, January). Entrepreneurship Introductory Course Designed for Students Majoring in Network Engineering. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing.

Fathi, M., Alizadeh, S., & Zamani Moghaddam, A. (2020). Presenting a model to Develope the professional competences of instructors of the University of Applied Sciences and technology. Public Management Research, 13(49), 243-268.

Fayolle, A, & Degeorge, J. M. (2006). Attitudes, intentions, and behaviour: New approaches to evaluating entrepreneurship education. International Entrepreneurship Education. Issues and Newness, 74-89.

Fayolle, A. (2013). Personal views on the future of entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development An International Journal, 25(7-8), 692-701.

Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53 (1), 75-93.

Fayolle, A., Gailly, B., & Lassas-Clerc, N., (2006). Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: a new methodology. Journal of European Industrial Training, 30 (9), 701-720.

Fayolle, A., Lamine, W., Mian, S., & Phan, P. (2020). Effective models of science, technology and engineering entrepreneurship education: current and future research. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1-11.

Ghulam N, holden R (2008). Graduate Entrepreneurship: intentions, education and Training Tournal. Education-Training, 50 (7), 555-541

Gibb, A. (2008). Entrepreneurship and enterprise education in schools and colleges: Insights from UK practice. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 6(2), 48-53.

Graeli Sheikh, R., & Parsa, A. (2011). Examining the teacher's role in developing students' entrepreneurial personality traits. The first national education conference in Iran 1404, Tehran. (In Persian)

Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Education-Training, 47, 158-169.

Hiar, J.F., Hult, T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). NewYork: Sage Publishing.

Hisrich, R.D & Peters, M. P. (1998). The Individual Entrepreneur in Entrepreneurship. NewYork: Hill Publishing.

Jafari Moghadam, S., & Fakharzadeh, A. S. (2011). Development of entrepreneurial attitude in textbooks (case study: Persian books for elementary school). Journal of work and society, 4(1), 31-45. (In Persian)

Jena, R. K. (2020). Measuring the impact of business management Student's attitude towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106275.

Jones, C., & Matlay, H. (2011). Understanding the heterogeneity of entrepreneurship education: going beyond Gartner. Journal of Education+Training, 53 (8/9), 692-703.

Kassean, H., Vanevenhoven, J., Liguori, E., & Winkel, D. E. (2015). Entrepreneurship education: a need for reflection, real-world experience and action. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 21(5), 690-708.

Koev, S. R., Moroz, I., Mushynska, N., Kovin'ko, O., & Kovalchuk, S. (2019). Features of building a managerial career based on entrepreneurship education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education.

Kourilsky, M. L, & Walstad, W. B. (1998). Entrepreneurship and female youth: knowledge, attitudes, gender differences, and educational practices. Journal of Business Venturing, 13 (1), 77-88.

Kyrö, P., & Carrier, C. (2005). The dynamics of learning entrepreneurship in a cross-cultural university context. University of Tampere, Faculty of Education, Research Centre for Vocational and Professional Education.

Liu, T., Walley, K., Pugh, G., & Adkins, P. (2020). Entrepreneurship education in China. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.

Luczkiw, E. (2008). Entrepreneurship Education in an age of Chaos, Complexity and Disruptive Change. in potter, J. (Ed), Entrepreneurship and higher education: 65-93. US: OECD publishing.

Matlay, H (2008). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15 (2), 382-396.

Mehrmohammadi, M. (2019). Entrepreneurship curriculum. Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Humanities.

Mei, H., Lee, C. H., & Xiang, Y. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education and Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention in Higher Education. Education Sciences, 10(9), 257.

Miller, D. & Toulouse, J.M. (1986). Chief executive personality and corporate strategy and structure in small firms. Management Science, 32(11), 1389–1409.

Mortezanejad, N., Attaran, M., Hosseinikhah, A., Abbasi, C. (2017). Explaining the elements of the entrepreneurship curriculum in the course of general education (synthesis). Theory and Practice in Curriculum, 5(9), 105-142.

Muhammad, A., Akbar, S., & Dalziel, M. (2011). The journey to develop educated entrepreneurs: prospects and problems of Afghan businessmen. Education+ Training, 53(5), 433-447.

Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277-299.

Nabi, G., Walmsley, A., Liñán, F., Akhtar, I., & Neame, C. (2018). Does entrepreneurship education in the first year of higher education develop entrepreneurial intentions? The role of learning and inspiration. Studies in Higher Education, 43(3), 452-467.

Najafi, H., & Ashrafi, S. (2016). Identifying the entrepreneurship symptoms of teachers and evaluating its current situation. Family and Research, 14(4), 7-28. (In Persian)

Nemati, M., Karamipour, M., & Mohammadi Chemnari, H. (2016). The Relationship between Communication Skills and Entrepreneurship Skills among Allameh Tabatabai University and Kharazmi. Journal of Research in Educational Science, 9(31), 285-325. (In Persian)

Ojaghi, S., Rezaei, B., Naderi, N., & Jafari, H. (2017). Presenting the conceptual model of the micro and macro components of the entrepreneurship education system. Journal of Studies Entrepreneurship and sustainable Agriculture Development, 3(4), 39-54. (In Persian)

Omidi, J., Hashemi, S. A., Gholtash, A., Mashinchi, A. A. (2019). The model of the middle school entrepreneurship education curriculum based on the theory arising from the data. Theory and practice in the curriculum, 7(14), 5-34.

Oosterbeek, H., Van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European economic review, 54(3), 442-454.

Parsa, A., & Sheikh, R. (2018). Investigating the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial talent of students of Ahvaz State Labor and Knowledge Colleges, the first national conference on education in Iran 1404, Tehran, Science, Technology and Industry Policy Research Institute. (In Persian)

Roshan, M., Seifi, E., Abdollahi, B., Nokani, J., & Banijamali, Z. (2015). Investigating the relationship between teacher entrepreneurship education (goals, content, necessity, method and educational environment) with the entrepreneurial spirit of high school students in Tehran. New Educational Thoughts, 11(1), 152-179.

Ruskovaara, E., & Pihkala, T. (2013). Teachers implementing entrepreneurship education: classroom practices. Education+ training, 55(2), 204-216.

Samadaghaie, J. (1999). Entrepreneurial organizations. Tehran: Public Administration Education Center Publications. (In Persian).

Sandi, A., & Mafizatun Nurhayati, M. (2020). Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Family Environment and Self-Efficacy on Students Entrepreneurship Intention. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Management, Economics and Business (ICMEB 2019).

Shakeri Siahkamari, Sh., Yarmohammadzadeh, P., & Yarigholi, B. (2018). Identifying the mindset of entrepreneurial teachers regarding the factors related to the promotion of entrepreneurial culture in schools. School Management Magazine, 6(2). 243-263. (In Persian)

Shinnar, R., Pruett, M., & Toney, B. (2009). Entrepreneurship education: Attitudes across campus. Journal of education for business, 84(3), 151-159.

Shojaei, A., Arefi, M., Fathi Vajargah, K., & Shams Moorkani, Gh. (2019). Designing a model of entrepreneur-oriented curriculum competencies in the field of educational sciences. Science and Technology Policy, 11(1), 88-77. (In Persian)

 Stevenson, H., Roberts, J., & Grousbeck, H. (1985). New Business Ventures and the Entrepreneur. R.D. Irwin.

Strachan, G. (2018). Can education for sustainable development change entrepreneurship education to deliver a sustainable future?. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 9(1), 36-49.

The document on the fundamental transformation of the education system. (2013). The document on the fundamental transformation of the education system was compiled with the cooperation of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and the Supreme Council of the Ministry of Education. (In Persian)

Torkzadeh, J., Marzooghi, R., Mohammadi, M., & Ahmad Karmaj, V. (2018). In the research titled the relationship between lecturers' competencies and course experiences and academic achievements of Farhangian University students. Teaching Research, 6(1), 99-119.

Wilson, K. E. (2008). Entrepreneurship education in Europe. Entrepreneurship and higher education.

Xianguo, Y., Weixiang, W., & Zhouqi, R. (2009) Corporate entrepreneurship in the enterprise clusters environment-Influence of network resources and entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance. Corporate entrepreneurship in the enterprise clusters environment. Front. Bus. Res. China, 3(4), 566-582.

Yadollahi Farsi, J., Mirarab Razi, R. (2009). Examining the presentation of the entrepreneurship education curriculum in the field of educational sciences. Entrepreneurship Development Quarterly, 1(3), 61-80. (In Persian)

Yaghoubi Najafabadi, A. (2010). The necessity of entrepreneurship education at all levels of education. School counselor magazine, 5(4), 28-32. (In Persian)

Yarmohammadian, M. H., Bahrami, S., & Foroughi Abri, A. A. (2010). Management and Educational Planning. Tehran: Sahbaye Danesh.

YazdanPanah, M., & Zobeidi, T. (2017). The effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on entrepreneurial intention in Ramin University of Khuzestan. Research and Planning Quarterly in Higher Education, 23(2), 115-131. (In Persian)

Zainuddin, M. N. (2012). University's Entrepreneurship Education: Creating Meaningful Impression for New Generation. Edited by Thierry Burger-Helmchen, 175.

Zhang, C., Zhao, L., Liang, X., & Li, J. (2021). Research on the effectiveness of education and training incentive mechanism to promote college students’ Entrepreneurship. In E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences.

Zhang, Q. (2019). Construction of an Entrepreneurship and Innovation Education Curriculum System in Applied Undergraduate Colleges Based on" Professional Integration" Taking an Applied Undergraduate College as an Example. In 2nd International Conference on Economy, Management and Entrepreneurship (ICOEME 2019), Atlantis Press.