The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Secondary School Teachers in Shiraz

Authors

Abstract

  The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior Secondary schoolteachers in Shiraz. The population included all secondary school teachers in Shiraz (2691)in education year 90-91. The sample size of this study was 202 people, including high school teachers who were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method based on Cochran's table. In this study two standardized questionnaires of spiritual intelligence (Amram 2009) and emotional intelligence (Goleman 1995) wereused. Content validity of both questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was determined after the test run of 30 teachers by calculating Cronbach's alpha which showed Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. /80, emotional intelligence questionnaire, /79 and organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire, /83. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics were presented (Pearson correlation, t-test and multiple regressions). The results indicated that relationship between emotional intelligence dimensions of citizenship behavior is positively significant. There is also a positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and meaningful citizenship behavior. Regarding the spiritual intelligence, such a relationship among consciousness, transcendence, truth-seeking, reconciliation and inner directed citizenship behavior was positively significant, whileonly in the aspect of sobriety, the citizenship behavior has a significant negative relationship. Between male teachers and female teachers in secondary schools, there is no significant difference in the behavior of citizens. There was no significant difference in the dimensions of spiritual intelligence in sobriety. Emotional intelligence and empathy showed a significant difference in favor of female teachers and in self-awareness, self-control, and there was no significant difference. From the spiritual intelligence and its dimensions, just spiritual intelligence (%27) and from the emotional intelligence and its dimensions, just emotional intelligence(%24) have the ability to predict organizational citizenship behavior.

Keywords


-Abu Elanain, H. (2007). Relationship between Personality and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Does Personality Influence Employee Citizenship? International Review of Business Research Papers,3, 4, 31-43.
-Amram, Y. (2009). The contribution of Emotional and Spiritual Intelligences to EffectiveBusiness Leadership, Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, California.
-Appelbaum, S. Bartolomucci, N. Beaumier, A.E., Boulanger, J., Corrigan, R., DoreI, G. C., & Serroni, C., (2004). organizational citizenship behavior: a case study of culture , leadership and trust, management decision, 42, 1, 13-40.
-Ardalan, M. Sarchahani, Z. & Sarchahani, M. (2014). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and maturity of the quality of working life Shiraz District 2 elementary teachers.Quarterly Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Issue 5, summer 2014. P. 81.(In Persian).
-Aydin, B., & Ceylan, A. (2009). The effect of spiritual leadership on organizational learning capacity.African J. Bus. Manage. 3(5): 184 – 190.
-Ayranci, E., & Semercioz, F. (2010). The Relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Issues of Spirituality and Religiosity: A Study of Top Turkish Managers, International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 6, No. 4; April 2011, www.ccsenet.org/ijbm
-Ayranci, E. (2011). Effects of Top Turkish Managers’ Emotional and Spiritual Intelligences on their Organizations’ Financial Performance, Business Intelligence Journal - January, 2011 Vol.4 No.1.
-Bar-On, R., (2008). Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence.
-Becker, A.K., (1993). the Characteristics of Bibliographic Instruction in Relation to the Causes and Symptoms of Burnout, RQ 32, 346 –355.
-Birol, C., Atamtürk, H., Silman, F.A., Atamtürk, N., & Sensoy, S., (2009). A comparative analysis of teachers’ perceptions of emotional intelligence and performance management in the secondary schools of the TRNC, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 1, 2600-2605.
-Bolger, R. & Somech, A. (2004). Influnce of teacher empowerment on teachers organizationalcommitment, professional commitment and OCB in schools, Journal of teaching andteach education, 20, 277-289.
-Bove, L.L., Pervan, S.J., Beatty, S.E., & Shiu, E., (2008). Service worker role in encouraging customer, Management Research News, 30, 8, 581-596.
-Boyatxzis, E., (2002). Developing Emotional Intelligence. To be published in San Francico: Jossey – Bass, 2002.
-Burns, T., & Carpenter, J., (2008). Organizational Citizenship and Student Achievement, Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education, 1, 1, 51 – 58.
-Codier, E., Kooker, B.M., & Shoultz, J., (2008). Measuring the Emotional Intelligence of Clinical Staff Nurses: An Approach for Improving the Clinical Care Environment, Nursing Administration, 32, 1, 8-14.
-Dogan, S., & Sahin, F. (2009). Ruhsallık, duygusal zekâ ve dönüştürücü liderlik davranışları üzerine bir araştırma [A research about spirituality, emotional intelligence and transformational leadership behaviors].İş, Güç; Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi. 11(4): 67 – 88.
-Erturk, (2006). Increasing organizational citizenship behaviors of Turkish academicians, Journal of Managerial psychology.
-Eslami, H., & Sayar, A., (2007). Organization citizenship behavior, prudence, pp 18-187.
-Eyvazi, N., (2006). Effects of emotional intelligence on family mental health. http://www.aftab.ir.
-Farhangi, A.A., Fatahi, M., Vashegh, B.,& Nargesiyan, A. (2009). Predictive intelligence transformative leadership: Exploring the relationship between spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence and transformative leadership, Journal of Management Science, Fourth Year, No. 15, Autumn 2009.p 31.
-Fatahi, M., Farhangi, A.A., Vashegh, B., & Nargesiyan, A., (2006). Spirituality in the workplace and its role in improving organizational Citizenship behavior, culture, management, fourth, No. 13, pp 5- 36.
-Garg, P., & Rastogi, R., (2006). Climate profile and OCBs of teachers in public and private schools of India, International Journal of Educational Management, 20, 7, 529-541.
- George, M. (2006). Practical application of spiritual intelligence in the workplace.Human resource management international digests, 14(5), 3-5.
-Ghamrani, A., & Jafari, H. (2003). Introduction to Emotional Intelligence and the blind.Third Conference of blind students and alumni of Tehran, Iran.
-Ghobaribonab, B., & et al. (2007). Spiritual intelligence. Journal – Biker Religious Research, Third Year, No. 10, Autumn 2007, pp.147 – 125.
-Goleman, D., (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.- Kaschub M, (2002). Defining Emotional Intelligence in Music Education. Arts Education policy Review, 103, 5, 9-15.
-Howard, Barbara, B., & Stephen, R. White. (2009). Spiritual Intelligence and Transformational Leadership: A New Theoretical Framework, Journal of Curriculum and Instruction (JoCI), November 2009, Volume 3, Number 2. http://www.reuvenbaron.org
-Ilgın, B., Semra, G., Azize, E., & Ozge, T. (2009). The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and the Moderating Effects of Gender on This Relationship, Creativity, Innovation and Management Abstracts of the 10th International Conference Sousse, Tunisia.
- Kamali, Z., &Moslemipour, Gh., (2016). The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Performance of Managers and Governors’ Staff in the West of Golestan Province, Iran.International Research Journal of Management Sciences. Vol., 4 (1), 58-66.
-Karimi, F., & Akbari, M., (2014). The pattern of the relationship between organizational learning capabilities and organizational intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior of staff at universities.Quarterly Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Issue 2, Summer 2014. P. 143.(In Persian).
-Khoshouiy, (2007). Psychology of humor. Esfahan, publication kankash.
-Korkmaz, T., & Arpacı, E., (2009), Relationship of organizational citizenship behavior with emotional intelligence, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 1, 2432–2435.
-Lock, A., (2005). The relationship between individualistic/ collectivistic orientation and organizational citizenship behavior and the possible influence of leadership style. Work Organization and Management Faculty.
-Modassir, A., & Singh, T. (2008). Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, International Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 3-21
-Moran T. M., (2003). Fostering organizational leadership: Transformational leadership and trust. In W. K. Hoy & C. G. Miskel, Studies in Leading and Organizing Schools. Information Age Publishing: Greenwich: CT, 157-179.
-Nesel, D.D. (2004). Spirtual orientation in Relation to Relation to spiritual intelligence: A consideration of traditional Christianity and new Age/ individualistic spirituality, unpublished thesis. Australia: the University of South Australi
- Noorlaila Hj Y., Noormala A. I.,  Raja Munirah R. M. & Raja Suzana, R. K . (2009). Employee Performance on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Influence of Leader's Emotional Intelligence, the International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management, Vol.8, No.10, pp. 29-34
-Organ, D.W., (1988). Organization citizenship behavior: the good soldier syndrome, Lexington book, Lexington, MA.
-Plato, (2003). Effwctive Education and the Role of Emotional Intelligence. Internet Sddress: www.advanced communication. Com. Au/html.
-Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B., & Bacharach, D.G., (2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research, Journal of Management, 26, 3, 513-563.
-Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Moorman, R.H., & Fetter, R, (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers. Trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behavior. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 42 - 107.
-Quebbeman, J., & Rozell, E., (2002). Emotional Intelligence and dispositions affectivity Human Resource management Review, 12, 1, 125-143.
-Quoidbach, J., & Hansenne, M., (2009). The impact of trait emotional intelligence on nursing team performance and cohesiveness. Journal of Professional Nursing, 25(1), 23–29.
-Richard, H., (2008). OCB, Emotional Intelligence, and SpiritualityIntelligence:What’s the Relationship? Australian catholic university.
-Sagharvani, S., & Ghayur, M., (2009). Spirituality, Self-actualization and spiritual intelligence in the workplace, Art Journal, No. 6, pp. 21-31.
-Salovey, P., & Mayer, J.D., (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185–211.
-Somech, A., & Ron, I., (2007). Promoting Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Schools: TheImpact of Individual and Organizational Characteristics, Educational Administration Quarterly, Vol. 43, No.1, pp.38-66
-Spector, P. E., & fox, S., (2002). an emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior. Some parallels between counter productive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior, Human Resource management review, Vol.12, pp. 269-292.
-Tahamimonfard, Sh., Aliaiyzand, Sh., & Yousefi, M., (2002). The relationship between emotional intelligence and coping strategies in normal and gifted high school students in teran. Talented first National Conference, Shiraz.
-Thorndike, E.L., (1920). Intelligence and its uses. Harper’s Magazine, 140, 227-235.
-Torlak, O., & Koc, U., (2007). Materialistic attitude as an antecedent of organizational citizenship behavior, organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Business Research.
-Vigoda, & Gadot, E., (2007). Redrawing the boundaries of OCB? Role behavior in theworkplace, journal of business and psychology, 21(3), 462-493.