Designing and validating a model of environmental ethics curriculum based on spontaneous order in secondary school

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Curriculum Planning Ph.D. Student, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Curriculum Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Education is one of the most appropriate ways to achieve economic, social, cultural and political development. Therefore, introducing concepts related to the environment into the curriculum of different academic courses makes students consider environmental protection not just as a lesson, but as a human duty and responsibility from the very beginning. The aim of the present study is to design and validate a model of environmental ethics curriculum based on spontaneous order in secondary school.
research methodology: This research was carried out with a sequential exploratory approach using a combined method. Which was first extracted by qualitative content analysis method of elements (purpose, content, teaching method, evaluation) of environmental ethics curriculum based on spontaneous order. In the quantitative part, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods were used for data analysis. The selection of participants in the qualitative section was done using purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criteria. 15 professors and specialists were selected and the statistical population of the quantitative section of all secondary school teachers in Mazandaran province was 11024 (5692 men and 5332 women)Is. The research sample includes 360 high school teachers who were selected by multi-stage relative cluster sampling with Cochran's formula. The data collection tool is semi-structured in the qualitative part of the interview and in the quantitative part of the researcher-made spontaneous order questionnaire with 22 items with a five-point Likert scale. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the questionnaires and composite reliability was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, which had a suitable and acceptable status. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS and PLS software.
Findings: The results showed that the target components, content, teaching method and evaluation are effective in explaining the pattern of environmental ethics curriculum based on spontaneous order and the model had a good fit.
Conclusion: Spontaneous discipline-based environmental ethics curriculum enables independent students to approach issues based on conscious, deliberate, and thoughtful behaviors. In fact, using this approach, learning experiences through discovery and search are actively done to evoke students' spontaneous order.

Keywords


  1. Abbaszadeh, M., Banifatemeh, H., Alizadeh Aghdam, M. B., & Alavi, L. (2016). Study of Intervening Effect of Environmental Responsible Attitude on the Relationship of between Place Attachment and Environmental Responsible Behavior. Journal of Applied Sociology, 27 (2), 61-80. (In Persian)
  2. Akman, O., & Alagoz, B. (2018). A Study on Environment - Oriented Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior Level of Teacher Candidates. Journal of Education and Practice, 8 (7): 229-245.
  3. Alavi Moghaddam., M. R & Ghasemi, A. (2009). Environmental ethics and philosophy and its role in the present world. Human & Environment, 7 (2), 84-90. (In Persian)
  4. Alipour., A. A. & Sadeghi, M. (2017). Investigate the role of environmental education in achieving sustainable development. Third National Conference on Crisis Management, Safety, Health, Environment and Sustainable Development Tehran, Mehr Arvand Higher Education Institute, Center for Sustainable Development Strategies. (In Persian)
  5. Asadzadeh, S., Seif Naraghi, M., Naderi, E., & Ahghar Gh. (2020). Designing a Curriculum Model for Extracurricular Activities for Elementary School Students with Emphasis on Environmental Education. Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 8 (3), 9-20. (In Persian)
  6. Aslami, E. (2022). Predicting academic self-regulation based on intelligence beliefs and mindfulness of first grade high school students in Abadeh. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Adminstration; 13(3): 209-219. (In Persian)
  7. Bayat, T., Ahmadi, P., & Parsa, A. (2013). The Status of Environmental Ethics in the Contents of Primary School Textbooks of Iran. Research in Curriculum Planning, 10 (36), 51-62. (In Persian)
  8. Caciuca, V. T. (2013). The Role of Virtue Ethics in Training Students' Environmental Attitudes. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 10 (92): 122-127.
  9. Cavas, B, Cavas, P, Tekkaya, C, Cakiroglu, J, & Kesercioglu, T (2009). Turkish students s views on environmental challenges with respect to gender: an analysis of ROSE data. Science educational International. 20(1,2), 69-78.
  10. Davari, A. & Rezazadeh, A. (2013). Structural equation modeling with PLS software. Tehran: Publishing Organization, 2013. (In Persian)
  11. Dhanya, C. H., & Pankajam, R. (2017). Environmental Awareness Among Secondary School Student. International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah, 5 (5): 22-26.
  12. Dzikowska, L., Chmielewski, J., & Wojciechowska, M. (2016). Ecological and environmental education in the ethical context. Evironmental Protection and Natural Resources, 27 (2): 44-47.
  13. Environmental Education (EE). (2020). Retrieved from: https://www.epa.gov
  14. Fien, J., & Tilbury, D. (2012). The global challenge of sustainability. In D. Tilbury, Stevenson, R.B., Fien, J., & Schreuder, D., (Eds.), Education and sustainability: Responding to the global challenge (pp. 1-12). Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: Commission on Education and Communication, IUCN.
  15. Fornell, C & ,.Larcker, D.(1981) .Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable and measuring error. Journal of High Technology Management Reasearch, 3 (5), 39-50.
  16. Hayek, F.A. (1952). The sensory order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  17. Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 20 (2), 195- 204. Jalleh, J. Donovan, R.
  18. Hurwitz, E. (2008). What is spontaneous order? Translated by Hassan Afroozi, Dunya Eqtesad newspaper.
  19. Jordan, K., & Kirstjansson, K. (2017). Sustainability, virtue ethics and the virtue of harmony with nature. Environmental Education Research, 23 (9): 1205- 1229.
  20. Karimi, B., Kian, M. & Aliasgari, M. (2017). Designing the Environmental Education Curriculum for Elementary Schools in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 5 (4), 9-23. (In Persian)
  21. Kopnina, H., & Cocis, A. (2017). Environmental Education: Reflecting on Application of Environmental Attitudes Measuring Scale in Higher Education Students. Education Sciences, 3 (7), 69-83.
  22. Lindemann, M. A. (2013). The Character of Environmental Citizenship: Virtue Education for Raising Morally Responsible Individuals. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Texas: University of North Texas.
  23. Magner, N., R. B. Welker, and T. L. Campbell. (1996). Testing a model of cognitive budgetary participation processes in a latent variable structural equations framework. Accounting and Business Research: 41–50.
  24. Mcmullen, S., & Molling, D. (2014). Environmental Ethics, Economics and Property Law. Philadelphia: ASSA Meetings in Philadelphia.
  25. Moosivand, M., Ghaa’edi, Y., Zarghaami, S., & Mahmoodniyaa, A. R. (2017). The Status of Spontaneous Order in von Hayek’s Theory of Freedom and Its Educational Implications. Quarterly Journal of Education, 33 (1), 33-52. (In Persian)
  26. Nasibulina, N. (2015). Education for Sustainable Development and Environmental Ethics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 13 (214): 1077-1082.
  27. Pojman, L.P. (2017). Does nature have intrinsic value? Biocentric and Ecocentric ethics and deep ecology. In: Pojman LP, Editor. Environmental Ethics: Reading in Theory and Application. Thomson Learning, 75-76.
  28. Salehi, S. & Pazokinejad, Z. (2014). Environment in Higher Education: Assessing the environmental knowledge of Mazandaran public university students. Educational planning studies, 2 (4), 199-221. (In Persian)
  29. Sarlak, N., Nateghi, F., & Jalalvandi, M. (2021). Analyzing the viewpoints of teachers on the status of environmental education currently applied in secondary school curriculum. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Adminstration; 12(4). PP: 161-175. (In Persian)
  30. Shahbazi, T., Shobiri, S. M. & Zandi, B. (2015). Study the role of Communication media in environmental training from the viewpoint of teachers in schools of Sarpolzohab city. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 17 (2), 95-104. (In Persian)
  31. Shamsi Papkiade., S. Z & Sarmadi, M. S. (2019). Internalization of environmental values in the education system. Human & Environment, 17 (2), 65-78. (In Persian)
  32. Tesfai, M., Nagothu, U. S., Šimek, J., & Fučík, P. (2016). Perceptions of Secondary School Students’ Towards Environmental Services: A Case Study from Czechia. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11 (12): 5533-5553.