ارزیابی فرایند یادگیری گروهی در دانشجویان براساس مدل نَپ

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساوه

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت اموزشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ساوه

چکیده

این مطالعه قصد دارد تا با ارزیابی مدل مفهومی یادگیری گروهی «نَپ» فرایندهای اجتماعی شناختی اثرگذار بر اثربخشی گروه و یادگیری گروهی دانشجویان را مورد بررسی و روش ارتباط این عوامل را آزمون نماید. در این مطالعه از روش پژوهش توصیفی- همبستگی استفاده شد. کلیه‌ی دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد واحد ساوه به عنوان جامعه‌ی آماری و نمونه‌ای به حجم 191 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند- قضاوتی انتخاب شدند. ابزار گرد‌آوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش پرسشنامه‌ی محقق‌ساخته شامل 5 متغیر اصلی ساختار و زمینه گروه، باورهای گروه، رفتارهای یادگیری گروهی، فراشناخت و اثربخشی گروه به همراه زیر مولفه‌های آن‌ها بود که آلفای کرونباخ هریک از این متغیرها به ترتیب عبارتند از: 72/0، 78/0، 70/0، 71/0، 72/0. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون وجود رابطه‌ی مثبت و معنی‌دار بین متغیرها را به‌صورت دو به دو تأیید و تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره وجود رابطه تعاملی بین متغیرها را به‌صورت جزئی مورد تأیید قرار داد. سپس برازش مدل با نرم افزار لیزرل ارزیابی شد که نتایج برازش کل مدل را تأیید نکرد. هم‌چنین، نتایج تحلیل مسیر یک مدل نوین را پیشنهاد کرد که نشان می‌دهد برای موفقیت یادگیری گروهی و اثربخشی گروه باید باورها و فراشناخت گروه مورد ملاحظه و توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating Students’ Team Learning Process in Terms of Knapp’s Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • A.H Mohamad Davodi 1
  • F Hojati 2
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to evaluate Knapp’s conceptual model in an attempt to explore socio-cognitive processes affecting students’ team effectiveness and team learning and their relationship. This study was a descriptive-correlational research. All students of Islamic Azad University of Saveh were the target population. The sample of the study consisted of 191 students selected using purposive sampling method. Research instrument was a questionnaire developed by the current researchers which tapped into five variables including team structure and context, team beliefs, metacognition, team learning behaviors, and team effectiveness. Cronbach’s alphas of the respective scales were 0.72, 0.78, 0.71, 0.70, and 0.72 respectively. Pearson Correlation, multiple regression and path analysis were employed at the level of inferential statistics. Results of regression analysis confirmed the positive and significant pairwise relationships between the variables and multiple regression analysis provided partial support for the interactive relationships among them. Then, the adequacy of the model was assessed by LISREL. Results indicated that the whole model did not fit the data. Path analysis suggested a new model indicating that in order to attain team learning and team effectiveness, team beliefs and metacognition need to be paid explicit attention.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Team Learning
  • Metacognitive Processes
  • Team Effectiveness
Ansari, M. A, Ghazanfari, A., & Ansari, Sh. (2008). Employees' views about
factors influencing the effectiveness of surgical work teams The teaching
hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Health
Administration, 11(34), 35-42.
 Aramon, H., Sadeghi Arani, Z. & Saeida Ardekani, S. (2009). The Impact of
Team Work Skills on Educational and Research Performance of students
considering gender separation. Journal of Women Research, 3(1), 59-73.
 Atafar, A., & Bahrami Samani, M. (2009). The amount of Using the
Components of Learning Organization in Public and Azad Universities of
Shahrekord. Journal of Iranian Higher Education Association, 2(1), 161-179.
 Chalmers, Christina. (2009). Primary students' group metacognitive
processes in a computer supported collaborative learning environment.
Doctoral dissertation. Faculty of Education. Queensland University of
Technology. 
 Chang, Artemis and Duck, Julie and Bordia, Prashant. (2006). Understanding
the Multidimensionality of Group Development. Small Group Research, Vol.
37, N0.4, 327-350.
 Cohen, Susan G., and Bailey, Diane E. (1997). What Makes Team Work:
Group Effectiveness Research From The Shop Floor to Executive Suite.
Journal of management, 23(3), 239-290.
 Decuyper,Stefan, Dochy, Filip, Van den Bossche, Piet. (2010). Grasping the
dynamic complexity of team learning: An integrative model for effective team
learning in organizations. Educational Research Review, 5, 111–133.
 Delavar, A. (2009). Theoretical and practical foundations in Humanities and
Social Science. Tehran: Roshd. 7th Edition.
 Edmondson, Amy. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in
work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383.
 Edmondson, A.C., J.R. Dillon, and K.S. Roloff. (2007). Three perspectives
on team learning: Outcome improvement, task mastery, and group process. The
Academy of Management Annals, 1, 1-61.
 Fahami, R., & Ezati, M. (2010). Study the Effect of Cooperative Learning
(Group Investigation) on the Development of Girl Students' Social Skills
Components in the fifth grade of elementary school in Isfahan region 5. The
Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 1(2), 66-76.
 Haghparast Kuhpaieh, N. (2011). Factors Influencing Team Learning in the
Girl Students of High Schools in Tehran region 9. Unpublished Master's thesis.
Science and Research University. Tehran, Iran.
 Hooman, H. A. (2009). Structural Equation Modeling with Lisrel
Application. Tehran: Samt. 3rd Edition.
 Iran Nejad Parizi, M. (2008). Organizational behavior management. Tehran:
Modiran Press.
 Johnson, David W. and Johnson, Rojer T. (2009). An Educational
Psychological Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative
Learning. Educational Researcher, 38(5), 365-370.
 Kayes, Anna B., Kayes, D. Christopher and Kolb, David A. (2005).
Experiential learning in teams. The Journal of Simulation & Gaming, 36, 330-
354.
 Knapp, Randall. (2010). Collective(Team) Learning Process Models: A
Conceptual Review. Human Resource Development Review, 9(3), 285–299.
 Marks, M. A., Mathieu, J. E., & Zaccaro, S. J. (2001). A temporally based
framework and taxonomy of team processes. Academy of Management Review,
26, 356-376.
 Masselli, John J.; Ricketts, Robert c. and Martindale, Bobbie c. (2001).
Methods, Topics and issues in Tax Education: A year 2001 Perspective.
American Taxation Association.Chapter 1. Retrieved from
http://aaahq.org/ata/publications/teaching_monograph,
 McCarty, Alma & Garvan, Thomas N. (2008). Team Learning and
Metacognition: A Neglected Area of HRD Research and Practice. Advances in
Developing Human Resourcees, 10, 509- 524.
 Nemati, M.A. (2006). Knowledge Management: Culture and Higher
Education. Journal of Roshd -e- Fanavari, 2(7), 28-35.
 Niaz Azari, K. (2003). Metacognition in The Process of Teaching and
Learning. Tehran: Andishe Metacognition Publication.
 Ortega, Aída; Sánchez-Manzanares, Miriam; Gil, Francisco & Rico, Ramón.
(2010). Team Learning and Effectiveness in Virtual Project Teams: The Role of
Beliefs about Interpersonal Context. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(1),
267-276.
 Rezaian, A. (2007). Team-Building in the 21st Century (Advanced
Organizational behavior management). Tehran: Samt Press. 1st Editin.
 Rezaie, A., Khadivi, A. (2009). An Introduction to the Theoretical
foundations and Assessment of Metacognition. Tabriz: Shayesteh Press. 1st
Editin.
 Robbins, P. R. (2007). Organizational behavior: Concepts, Controversies,
Applications. (Translated into Persian by A. Parsayan & S. M. A'arabi, 2007).
Tehran: Cultural Research Bureau. 14th Edition.
 Saatchi, M. (2007). Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Tehran:
Virayesh Press. 1st Editin.
 Schepers, Jeroen; Jong, Ad de; Wetzels, Martin & Ruyter, Ko de. (2008).
Psychological safety and social support in groupware adoption: A multi-level
assessment in education. Computers & Education, 51, 757–775.
 Scott-Ladd, Brenda., & Chan, Christopher C.A.(2008). Using action research
to teach students to manage team learning and improve teamwork satisfaction.
The Journal of Active Learning in Higher Education, 9(3), 231–248.
 Share Pour, M., Fazeli, M., & Salehi, S. (2008). Investigating Indices of
Quality in Higher Education Based on Key Competencies Analysis. Journal of
Iranian Higher Education Association, 1(1), 33-56.
 Soleimani, N. (2008). The study of Indicators of team work in the The
University Departments. Journal of Educational Management and Leadership,
2(4), 53-74.
 Van den Bossche, Piet, Gijselaers, Wim H., Segers, Mien & Kirschner, Paul
A.(2006). "Social and Cognitive Factors Driving Teamwork in Collaborative
Learning Environments: Team Learning Beliefs and Behaviors. The Journal of
Small Group Research, 37(5), 490-521. 
 Van den Bossche, Piet, (2006). Minds in Teams: the influence of social and
Cognitive Factors on Team Learning .Doctoral dissertation. Dutch institute of
scientific research(NWO).
 Wageman, Ruth. (1995). Interdependence and Group Effectiveness.
Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 145-180.
 West, M.A., & Markiewicz, L. (2004). Building Team-Based Working: A
practical Guide to Organizational Transformation. (Translated into Persian by
E. Mardani Givi, 2008). Tehran: Industrial management Organization. 1st
Editin.
 Whetten, D. A., & Cameron, K. S. (2009). Team Building. (Translated into
Persian by B. O. Yazdani). Karaj: Institute of Management Research &
Education(IMRE). 2nd Editin.