طراحی الگوی مفهومی دانشگاه نوآور در ارتباط با جامعه: راهبردی برای مدیریت و توسعه‌ی دانشگاه‌های نسل چهارم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• معصومه چم‌آسمانی ¹
• مقصود فراستخواه ²
• سیدحمید خاتمی ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشگاه تهران، پژوهشگر مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور

² استاد تمام، برنامه ریزی آموزش‌عالی، موسسه‌ی پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی

³ کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

10.30495/jedu.2024.30396.6093

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: با توجه به روند شکل‌گیری نسل‌ چهارم از دانشگاه‌ها و تأکید بر پاسخ‌گویی به نیازهای جامعه‌ی مدنی و عدم مشخص بودن ویژگی‌های چنین دانشگاهی به صورت جامع، هدف از پژوهش حاضر، طراحی الگوی مفهومی دانشگاهی نوآور در ارتباط با جامعه مبتنی بر مارپیچ چهارگانه(QH) می‌باشد.                    
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی است. ابتدا مبتنی بر روش مرور نظام‌مندِ 37 مقا‌له علمی–پژوهشی داخلی و خارجی مرتبط با موضوع در سال‌های1990 تا 2020 و نیز اسناد بالادستی نظام آموزش‌عالی ایران به روش تحلیل محتوا، ویژگی‌های دانشگاه نوآور در ارتباط با جامعه احصاء و سپس مبتنی بر روش تحقیق توصیفی-پیمایشی، با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه محقق ساخته، اعتباریابی سازه‌ها و برازش مدل از طریق تحلیل عاملی تاییدی و مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی(PLS) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. با توجه به جامعیت الگوی مفهومی و نیاز به ارزیابی تمامی ابعاد آن(نهادها، فرایند، ستانده‌ها و تأثیرات) و تاکید بر ارتباط با جامعه‌ی مدنی، دانش‌آموختگان و اعضای هیأت علمی فعال در شرکت‌های مستقر در پارک‌های علم و فناوری دانشگاهی فعال در دوران همه‌گیری کرونا به عنوان جامعه‌ی آماری پژوهش انتخاب شدند و پرسشنامه میان 250 نفر در دو پارک علم و فناوری دانشگاه تهران و جهاد دانشگاهی کرمانشاه با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای به عنوان نمونه توزیع گردید.                                                             
یافته‌ها: الگوی نهایی با پدیده‌ی هسته‌ای نام‌گذاری شده توسط مؤلفان، با عنوان "دانشگاه نوآور اجتماعی" و با اتخاذ رویکرد سیستمی به دانشگاه به عنوان دانشگاهی باز در 4 مقوله‌ی خوشه‌ای شامل نهاده‌ها، فرایند تعاملات، ستانده‌ها و تأثیرات با 11 مقوله‌ی اصلی و 32 مؤلفه به روش کدگذاری طراحی گردید. بارعاملی بالای تمامی گویه‌ها ( مقادیر بالای 5/0) نشان از سطح معناداری قوی و همستگی زیاد میان متغیرهای قابل مشاهده با متغیرهای پنهان دارد. همچنین برازش مدل در هر چهار خوشه‌ی مقوله‌ای با محاسبه‌ی معیار GOF، در سطح قوی(755/0) تائید شد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: ویژگی برجسته دانشگاه نسل چهارم، جامعه‌ محوری و تاکید بر پاسخگویی و مسئولیت‌پذیری در برابر جامعه مدنی در سطح محلی، ملی، جهانی می‌باشد و مسئولان و مدیران دانشگاهی باید این مهم را در تمامی ابعاد سیستمی دانشگاه اعم از نهاده‌ها، فرایند تعاملات، ستانده‌ها و تأثیرات دانشگاه مد نظر قرار دهند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

• دانشگاه نوآور
• دانشگاه اجتماعی
• دانشگاه نسل چهارم
• مارپیچ سه‌گانه
• مارپیچ چهارگانه

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Model of an Innovative University in Relation to Society: a Strategy for the Management and Development of Fourth-Generation Universities

نویسندگان [English]

• Masoumeh Cham Asemani ¹
• Maghsoud Farasatkhah ²
• Seyed Hamid Khatami ³

¹ PhD candidate in Higher Educational Administration (Tehran University), Researcher of Scientific Policy Research Center of the country; Iran,

² Professor, Higher Education Planning; Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education.

³ Master of Educational administration, Shahid Beheshti University.

چکیده [English]

Introduction and Objective: Considering the process of transforming the university from the third generation to the fourth generation with the aim of responding to the needs of civil society and the lack of clarity about the characteristics of such a university comprehensively, the main purpose of the research is to design the characteristics of the fourth generation university as an innovative one in connection with a society based on the quadruple helix (QH).                      
Research Methodology: Research is practical in terms of purpose. First, on the basis of the systematic review methodology, 37 national and international scientific-research articles related to the topic from 1990 to 2020, as well as the national documents from the Iranian higher education system were analyzed utilizing the content analysis within the coding process, and the features of the innovative university in relation to society have been identified. Then, based on the descriptive-survey research method and the questionnaire developed by the researchers, the validity of the constructs and the fit of the model have examined through the partial least squares (PLS) technique.Given the comprehensiveness of the conceptual model and the need to evaluate all its dimensions and focus on the relationship with civil society, graduates and faculty from affiliated university science and technology parks that were active during COVID-19 (2020) were chosen as the statistical population. Then the questionnaire were distributed to 250 individuals in two science and technology parks using the cluster sampling method.                                    
 Results: The final model with the core phenomenon named by the authors as a"socially innovative university" on the basis of a systems approach to the university as an open university was designed in 4 cluster categories including inputs, process of interaction, outputs, and effects with 11 main categories and 32 components. High factor loads of all elements (values greater than 0.5) indicate a high level of significance and a strong correlation between visible variables and hidden variables. In addition, by calculating the GOF criterion, the fit of the model was confirmed at a high level (0.755) in all four categorical groups.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Innovative University
• Social University
• Fourth generation university
• Triple helix
• Quadruple helix

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