بررسی تجربه کارآفرینی در دانشگاه های ایران و تاثیر آن بر بازار اشتغال به منظور ارائه مدل مناسب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سهراب مختاری ¹
• محمد بهروزی ²

¹ دانشجوی مقطع دکتری، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.

² استادیار و عضو هیات علمی، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران.

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف ارائه مدل تجربه کارآفرینی در دانشگاه های ایران بر اساس بازار اشتغال انجام شد. روش پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی؛ از نظر روش گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی-همبستگی و با توجه به هدف و ماهیت پژوهش، ترکیبی از نوع اکتشافی بود. جامعه آماری در بخش کیفی شامل همه صاحب‌نظران و خبرگان  دانشگاهی بود که با روش نمونه گیری هدفمند 14 نفر انتخاب شدند. در بخش کمی جامعه آماری شامل کلیه فارغ التحصیلان دانشگاه های ایران  زن و مرد بودند که تعداد آنان 856000 نفر بود که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای و جدول مورگان 383 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه درنظر گرفته شد. به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از مصاحبه و پرسشنامه استفاده شد. برای این منظور با استفاده از مصاحبه با خبرگان، شاخص ها  و مولفه های تجربه کارآفرینی، شاخص ها  و مولفه های اثرگذار بر تجربه کارآفرینی، شاخص ها  و مولفه های بازار اشتغال و شاخص ها  و مولفه های اثرگذار بر بازار اشتغال شناسایی و بر این اساس پرسشنامه طراحی شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در مرحله کیفی با استفاده از تحلیل محتوا و فرآیند کدگذاری صورت گرفت و در مرحله کمی نیز تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در دو قسمت آمار توصیفی (میانگین، انحراف معیار و ..) و آمار استنباطی (معادلات ساختاری و آزمون تی) و با استفاده از نرم افزارهای (اس پی اس اس)  واموس  انجام شد.وضعیت مطلوب مولفه های شناسایی شده تجربه کارآفرینی در دانشگاه های ایران و عوامل شناسایی شده موثر بر تجربه کارآفرینی  در حد مطلوبی نبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• واژگان کلیدی: تجربه کارآفرینی
• بازار اشتغال
• دانش آموختگان

20.1001.1.20086369.1399.11.42.11.2

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Experience in Iranian Universities and its Impact on the Employment Market to Provide Appropriate Model

نویسندگان [English]

• sohrab mokhtari ¹
• Mohamad Behroozi ²

¹ PhD Student, Department Educational Sciences, roodehen, Branch, Islamic Azad University, roodehen, Iran.

² assistant profsso, Department Educational Sciences,,boushehr, Branch, Islamic Azad University,boushehr, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to present a model of entrepreneurship experience in Iranian universities based on employment market. The research method was applied in terms of purpose; in terms of data collection, it was descriptive-correlational and according to the purpose and nature of the research, it was a combination of exploratory. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of all academic experts and experts who were selected by purposeful sampling method. In the quantitative part of the statistical population, all the male and female graduates of Iranian universities were 856352 persons. Using multistage cluster random sampling method and Morgan table 383 persons were considered as sample size. . Data analysis was done in qualitative stage using content analysis and coding process and in quantitative stage data were analyzed in two parts: descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential statistics (structural equations). T-test and SPSS software were performed.. The desirable status of the identified components of entrepreneurship experience in Iranian universities and the identified factors affecting the entrepreneurial experience were not satisfactory.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Keywords: Entrepreneurial Experience
• Employment Market
• Graduates

مراجع

• References

   

  • Abreua , M . &Grinevich, V.(2013). The Nature of Academic Entrepreneurship in the UK: Widening the Focus on Entrepreneurial Activities. Journal of Research Policy ,Vol. 42, No.2
  • Azami, Salome (2019), The effect of support of different levels of management on employee motivation, world economy(in persion)

   

  • Behrangi, Mohammad Reza, Hejazi, Asad, granddaughter of Ebrahimi, Abdolrahim and Zeinabadi, Hassan Reza (1999), The role of perception of quality of work life in organizational entrepreneurship, Quarterly Journal of Innovation and Creativity in Humanities, No. 3 Capiene, Aiste, Ragauskaite, Aiste (2017), ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITY: INNOVATIVE MODELS AND CURRENT TRENDS,RESEARCH FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017, VOLUME 2(in persion)
  • Clare , M and Antonik,K (2015), Entrepreneurial University, Scientific Activity, Technology Transfer and Knowledge: A Case Study of 4 European Universities,https://www.researchgate.net 
  • Clarysse,B , Tartari ,V, & Salter , A. (2011). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Capacity, Experience and  Organizational Support on Academic Entrepreneurship.  Journal of Research Policy, Vol.40
  • D’Ested, P. & Patel, P. (2007), University–industry linkages in the UK: what are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry?. Research Policy, Vol. 36
  • D'Orazio, P, Monaco, E & Palumbo,R. (2012), Determinants of Academic Entrepreneurial Intentions in Technology Transfer Process: An Empirical Test, Available at:  http://papers.ssrn.com
  • Dzelme, B. (2011), Academic Entrepreneurship Incentives of academic scientists to commercialize their research output, Thesis Master of Business Administration, Management of Innovation, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University
  • Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C., Regina, B. & Terra, C.(2000). The future of the university and the University of the Future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm. Research Policy. Vol.29,313-330.
  • Guerrero, M., J & Urbano, D. (2012). Economic impact of entrepreneurial universities activities: An exploratory study of the United Kingdom, Research Policy
  • Gupter. A. (2008). Entrepreneurial University,University of California, Berkeley. Presented to the International Conference‘Knowledge Innovation and the EntrepreneurialUniversity,NO:2
  • Khademi Kolelou, Mohammad (2017), Presenting the Conceptual Model of the Relationship between Higher Education and the Labor Market, National Conference on New Research in Management, Law, Economics and Humanities, Kazerun Branch, Azad University(in persion)
  • Hira Batool,L (2015), Exploring Entrepreneurship Among Students for Creating Business, Research Policy, Vol. 35
  • Izzel, B. Benan,M,Sebta,J (2019). Conceptual Framework for Supplemental Approaches to Entrepreneurship Education and Learning in Nigerian Universities. https://www.academia.edu
  • Jaber,M (2019), Economic policies, https://www.sciencedirect.com/
  • Jacob, M, Lundqvist, M, & Hellsmark, H. (2003). Entrepreneurial transformations in the Swedish University system: the case of Chalmers University of Technology, Research Policy, Vol. 32
  • Loboda,Viktoriya(2018),Developing Entrepreneurial Mindset in University Undergraduates, https://e-methodology.eu/index.php/e-methodology
  • McClell, M(2000) Entrepreneurship, Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, Vol.1
  • Peter Erasmus,J (2014), The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Developmental Skills and Career Decision Making, Research Policy, Vol. 34
  • Pontuns  ,Braunerhjelm ( 2010) ,Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth,https://entreprenorskapsforum.se
  • Rasmussena, E , Moseyb,S, & Wright, M. (2014). The influence of university departments on the evolution of entrepreneurial competencies in spin-off ventures, Research Policy , Vol.  43, No.1
  • Pourtashi, Mahtab and Parhizgar, Morteza (2017), Designing a Conceptual Model of Entrepreneurship Qualifications of Entrepreneurial University Graduates, Technology Development, No. 51(in persion)
  • Zare Yekta, Mohammad Reza (2011), Academic Entrepreneurship Education, Labor and Society, No. 67(in persion)

   

  • Zali, Mohammad Reza, Razavi, Seyed Mostafa (2017), Analysis of Entrepreneurship Education Analysis in Universities, Entrepreneurship Development, No. 3(in persion)
  • Zeinalizadeh, Leila (2016), Educational Skills, Entrepreneurship and Productivity Skills of Graduates, National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Knowledge-Based Business Management, Mazandaran University(in persion)

   

  • Todorovic, Z. W , McNaughton, R.B. & Guid, P. (2011), An Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale for Universities, Technovation, Vol.31

  Yu Su chi,Qi (2019),Model of the Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students in the Pearl River Delta of China,