رابطه دموکراسی و مراتب علمی دانشگاه ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت دولتی،دانشکده مدیریت، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در دو دهه اخیر همزمان با جهانی­سازی دانشگاه­ها، ساختارهای حکومتی کشورها بر نحوه سیاست­گذاری آن­ها تاثیر گذاشته و این امر باعث تغییر در سیاست­ها به خصوص سیاست­گذاری­های حوزه آموزش عالی و مباحث ارتقای جایگاه علمی دانشگاه­ها و جذب دانشجویان بین­المللی شده است.  هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی شدت دموکراسی حاکم بر کشور که زمینه­ساز ارتقای علمی دانشگاه­هاست. برای این منظور با مراجعه به آمار و اطلاعات 16 کشوری که کم و  بیش در حوزه جغرافیایی جمهوری اسلامی ایران قرار دارند و تا حدودی ویژگی­هایی مشترک با کشور ما دارند و رتبه­بندی دانشگاه­های آن ها (البته به لحاظ آمار کشور) با استفاده از روش حداقل مربعات جزیی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار می­گیرد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­دهد بین شاخص­های دموکراسی، ابعاد کارکردهای دولت و انتخابات آزاد بر مرتبه علمی دانشگاه­ها تاثیر مثبت و معنی­داری دارد که این ارتباط می­تواند کشورها را به توسعه­یافتگی و یا توسعه­یافته­تر شدن کمک کرده و در نهایت این توسعه یافتگی کشورها می­تواند در جذب دانشجویان بین­المللی موثرتر عمل کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship between Democracy and Academic Degrees

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba pilvar 1
  • Hosein Rahmanseresht 1
  • Fattah Sharifzade 1
  • Jamshid Salehi sadaghiani 2
1 Department of Government Management,South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Government Management,South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In the last two decades, as the globalization of universities has taken place, the governance structures of countries have influenced their policy making and this has led to changes in policies, particularly in higher education policy making and in promoting academic scholarship. Has attracted and attracted international students. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the intensity of democracy in the country which is the basis for the scientific promotion of universities. For this purpose, referring to the statistics and information of 16 countries which are more or less in the geographical area of the Islamic Republic of Iran and have some features in common with our country and rank their universities (of course in terms of country statistics) with The partial least squares method is analyzed. The results show that between the indicators of democracy, the dimensions of government functions and free elections, there is a significant and positive impact on the academic rank of universities, which can make countries more developed or more developed. Becoming a contributor and eventually developing these countries can be more effective in attracting international students.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Democracy"
  • "Academic Degree"
  • "Universities"
  • "Graduate Student Ranking"
  • "Attraction of Foreign Students"
اسکات، پیتر (1387)، جهانی شدن آموزش عالی: ترجمه رضا فاضلی، سروش.
اطلاعات سیاسی اقتصادی (1380).  ش 164-163 (فروردین و اردیبهشت 80)، ص 138.
داوری، علی؛ رضازاده، آرش.(1392) . مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری با نرم­افزار .PLSتهران: سازمان انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی.
ذاکر صالحی، غلامرضا (1395). آموزش عالی و جذب دانشجویان خارجی، موسسه پژوهش و برنامه­ریزی آموزش عالی.
فاضلی، نعمت الله (1387)، فرهنگ و دانشگاه، نشر ثالت.
کوهن، کارل (1373)، دموکراسی: ترجمه فریبرز مجیدی، انتشارات خوارزمی.
لیپست، سیمور مارتین (1383)، دایره المعارف دموکراسی: ترجمه کامران فانی و نورا... مرادی، انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه، چاپ سوم.
محمودی، سیدعلی (1382)، کانت، دموکراسی نمایندگی و نظام جمهوری، اطلاعات سیاسی اقتصادی شماره 196-195.
مجتهدزاده، پیروز (1381)، جغرافیای سیاسی و سیاست جغرافیایی، انتشارات سمت.
 
Abdrew J. (2007). Political Culture and Regime Support in Asia, Paper for the panel on Propects for Political Reform at the Conference on The future of U.S. China Relations. U.S.C China Institute, April 20-21 2007.
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., Robinson, J. A., and Yared, P. (2005). From Education to Democracy? The American Economic Review, 95(2): 44-49.
Beine, M., Noel, R., Ragot., L (2014). Determinants of the international mobility of Students: Economics of Education Review (40-54).
Castello-Climent, A. (2008), On the Distribution of Education and Democracy, Journal of Development Economics, 87: 179-190
Chong, A. and Gradstein, M. (2009), Education and Democratic Preferences, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department Working Papers; 684.
Cuaresma, J. C. and Oberdabernig, D. A. (2014). Education and the Transition to Sustained Democracy, University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics, Working Paper No. 170.
Ernser, T. (2007). A Comparative Survey of Democracy, Government and Development. Jointly Published by Global Barometer, Working Paper Series: No. 36, p. 1-17.
Gerring, J. Thacker, S. C. Rodrigo, A. (2012). Democracy and Human Development. Journal of Politics, Vol. 74, (1), 1-17.
Glaeser, E. L., Ponzetto, G. A. M., and Shleifer, A. (2007). Why Does Democracy Need Education?, Journal of Economic Growth, 12: 77-99.
Henseler, J. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing . Advances in International Marketing , 277 - 319.
Heo, U.K. Hahm, S. D. Dohee, K. (2012). The impact of democratization on exonomic growth, Korea Observer, 21-45.
Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 195-204.
Ko-Wei Hu, A.(2003). Attitudes toward Democracy Between Mass Publics and Elites in Taiwan and Hong Kong, Asian Ba rometer Project Office. National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Working Paper Series: No. 9, 2003 Taipei.
Kumar, N. Seema. N. Russell, S. (2011). Does Democracy Facilitate Economic Growth or Does Economic Growth Facilitate Democracy? Economic Modeling (28),900-910.
Lecturer, S. (2008). Human Rigths. Democracy and development. Research Journal of International Studies. Issue 8: 27-41.
Libman, A. (2011). Democracy. Size of Bureaucracy and Economic Growth. EMPIRE Economics. Spring-verlag.
Owen, Ann L, Videras, Julio and Willemsen, Christina (2008). Democracy, Participation and Life Satisfaction, Social Siences Quarterly, Vol. 89, No.4, p.987-1005
The Economist intelligence Unit (2014). Democracy Index 2014: Democracy and its Discontents, Economist.
The Economist intelligence Unit (2015). Democracy Index 2015: Democracy in an age of anxiety , Economist.
The Economist intelligence Unit (2016). Democracy Index 2016: Revenge of the deplorables, Economist.
The Economist intelligence Unit (2017). Democracy Index 2017: Free speech under attack, Economist.
The Power of International Education (2017). Open Doors Fact Sheet: China, Educational Exchange Data from Open Doors 2017, Institute of International Eduction. )https://www.iie.org/research-and-insights/open-doors/data).
The Power of International Education (2017). Open Doors Fact Sheet: South Korea, Educational Exchange Data from Open Doors 2017, Institute of International Eduction . https://www.iie.org/research-and-insights/open-doors/data).
The World University Rankings-Times higher education  (2014):Asia University Rankings 2014: methodology, 2014. (https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2014/regional-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/undefined ).
The World University Rankings (Times higher education):Asia University Rankings2015: methodology, 2015. (https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2015/regional-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/undefined ).
The World University Rankings (Times higher education):Asia University Rankings 2016: methodology, 2016. (https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/regional-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats ).
The World University Rankings (Times higher education):Asia University Rankings2017: methodology, 2017. (https://www.timeshighereducation.com  /world-university-rankings/2017/regionalranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/statsLipset).
The World University Rankings (Times higher education):Asia University Rankings 2018: methodology, 2018. (https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2018/regional-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats ).
Shafiq, M. N. (2010). Do Education and Income Affect Support for Democracy in Muslim Countries? Evidence from the Pew Global Attitudes Project, Economics of Education Review, 29: 461–469.
Spilimbergo, A. (2009). Democracy and Foreign Education, American Economic Review, 99(1): 528–543
Vinzi, V. E., Chin, W. W., Henseler, J., Wang, H. (Eds.), (2010). Handbook of Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Methods, and Applications. Vol. II of Computational Statistics. Springer, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York.
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly, 177-195.
Wu, W. W. (2010). Linking Bayesian networks and PLS path modeling for causal analysis. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(1), 134-139.